Before the three-dimensional periodic chart, the conventional flat periodic table served generations of students and chemists well, providing the basis, not only for the introduction to understanding chemistry, but a guide throughout the career of chemists, biologists, and teachers.
The 3-D PERIODIC TABLE
In spite of it's usefulness, difficulties in learning and using it have led to many efforts to improve the table. The elements have been placed in circles & spirals, duplicated elements, step-pyramids, trees, and target shapes with extensions. They have been formed into three-dimensional cubes, pyramids, stacks, even teardrops. Several have excelled the standard periodic table for accuracy and suitability in highly technical ways.
Falling partially within the spiral category, but primarily a multi-helix, the 3-D arrangement of the chemical elements developed by Roy Alexander, patented, and originally published in the mid-1990s is the first to retain all the positive features of the flat table plus removing ALL discontinuities and displacements in the order of the elements have been overcome.
This 3-D form has the added feature of clearly defining for beginning students the new conclusions regarding the dimensional aspects of hydrogen, atomic structure, and of nature itself.
This modern periodic table is called
The Alexander Arrangement of Elements.
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A brief look at 3-D Periodic Tables